{"product_id":"psychological-types-or-the-psychology-of-individuation-jung","title":"Psychological Types, or the Psychology of Individuation","description":"\u003cstrong\u003eBy Carl Gustav Jung\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the 21st century  Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) remains one of the key figures in the field of analytical psychology - and Psychological Types  or The Psychology of Individuation  published in 1921  is one of his most influential works. It was written during the decade after the publication of Psychology of the Unconscious (1912)  which effectively ended his friendship and collaboration with Sigmund Freud. Whereas the earlier work had clearly marked Jung's psychoanalytical divergence from Freud it is the Psychology of Types that fully clarifies and presents the nature  quality and characteristics of his analytical psychology.  The work  which was in part a consequence of his need to reconcile the competing theories of Freud  whom he regarded as extraverted  and Alfred Adler  whom he saw as introverted  develops his concept of descriptive categories for understanding the human mind in terms of the two essential attitude types: introversion and extraversion.  These basic attitudes operate in tandem with four principal interacting functions of consciousness which Jung identifies as sensation and intuition  which are functions of perception  and thinking and feeling  which are functions of judgment.  The eight resulting psychological types are then explored  described  identified  characterised and explained in considerable detail  with a soaring range of examples drawn from the whole of human history  culture and experience. In his efforts to explore and illuminate the nature of the unconscious mind and indeed the collective unconscious  he investigates the problems posed by the differing psychological types and how these have manifested from classical and medieval times to the 20th century.  His observations range from Aristotle  Socrates and Plato to Tertullian and Origen  and from Abélard and Master Eckhart to Martin Luther and the problem of transubstantiation. Jung takes the listener on an odyssey of human thinking. He considers the problem of types in the works of Schiller and Goethe  and Spitteler and his treatment of the Prometheus myth.  He contrasts idealism and realism  the Apollonian and the Dionysian in Nietzsche  and explores a host of philosophical and religious sources from the Bible to Taoism to Brahminism. He considers the nature of the reconciling symbol in Spitteler before analysing the nature of types in modern philosophy  aesthetics and biography  giving detailed consideration to William James' characteristic pairs of opposites and Furneaux Jordan's 'character sketch of the emotional types'.  Jung goes on to fully identify and describe the characteristic differences between the extraverted and introverted types and provides an extensive chapter on definitions to fully clarify the meaning of the language he employs and make his meaning more accessible. Authoritatively read by Martyn Swain for Ukemi Audiobooks  Psychological Types is an inexhaustible treasure chest of ideas and creative inspiration worth listening to time and time again.","brand":"Lushena Books","offers":[{"title":"PAPERBACK","offer_id":52437642117400,"sku":"9798890960184","price":66.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"HARDCOVER","offer_id":52437642150168,"sku":"9798890960290","price":82.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0787\/8203\/8296\/files\/9798890960184.jpg?v=1784923910","url":"https:\/\/lushenabooksinc.com\/products\/psychological-types-or-the-psychology-of-individuation-jung","provider":"Lushena","version":"1.0","type":"link"}